General education requirements for admission to the College of Dentistry are fully described in the dentistry catalog. A minimum score of 15 in all sections is required from a single test date . Click here to see dental schools ranked by DAT score. stream ��b_�E��UoM����z �g�`������|ZP�u����l-�3|�'!D��R4�@_�bq�-|L?�� %��)���h]>.Z���`�W ��u��ҜQgT�S�S�3��x��3�i���44�+�3i����.����. The University of Florida College of Dentistry Office of Admissions will not disadvantage any application that is impacted by changes made outside of the applicants’ control (e.g. Supplemental Applications After a holistic review of the ADEA AADSAS application, some applicants will be invited by email to complete the UF College of Dentistry supplemental application which includes a $37 fee. To secure a place in the entering class, applicants must complete a Matriculation Requirements Acknowledgement form and a $200 non-refundable tuition deposit by the deadline specified in the acceptance letter. endobj Established in 1972, the UF College of Dentistry is the only publicly-funded dental school in the State of Florida and is a national leader in dental education, research and community service. Transfer Student Information. The deadline to submit DAT scores has been extended to January 8, 2021. degree and was designed for internationally educated dentists who are legal residents of the state of Florida. University of Florida College of Dentistry Deans Office P.O. An interview is required to be eligible for admission. There are certain requirements you must meet in order to get into dental school. An overall GPA of 3.0 (or above) is required. For application review purposes, we must follow the state of legal residency listed on the ADEA AADSAS application. Choose a major Current college students who are at a state-accredited university will apply in their second year of studies; up to 15 students are selected each year. Improved drugs used by dentists. 42. Applicants can apply before completing all prerequisite courses, but all prerequisite courses must be completed prior to matriculation with a letter grade of C or better. The UF College of Dentistry is the only public-funded dental school in Florida and is recognized as one of the top U.S. dental schools for the quality of its educational programs, oral health research enterprise and commitment to patient care and service. The Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) maintains a list of accredited dental education programs in the U.S. You can search on CODA's website for accredited dental education programs/dental schools. In addition, in order to be eligible, you… General Chemistry: 8 semester hours (12 quarter hours) 4. One of the UF medical school requirements is an above-average score on the Medical College Admission Test, or MCAT. It’s important to arm yourself with the latest statistics (found on this page) and also check numerous resources for information on application requirements, taking the DAT, and what to expect in dental school. 8 hours Biology with lab 2. Box 100445 Gainesville, FL 32610-0445 Telephone: 352-273-5955 Fax: 352-846-0311 Email: dmdadmissions@dental.ufl.edu Program Details Length of Program: 48 months Program Deadline: November 15, 2013 Start Date: August, 2013 Class Size: Up to 2, based upon number of Totals: 139. Graduate School Requirements for All Applicants: A previous college degree, at least a 3.0 grade point average and satisfactory GRE or GMAT scores. Applicants will have 30 days to respond if accepted on or after December 15th. In order to solve this problem, he always turned to the dentist. We have adjusted our interview schedule to start later than usual this cycle to accommodate as many applicants as possible who’ve had to delay taking the DAT due to reduced capacity at testing centers. 2. uf dental school – this topic people are often interested in, because there are important reasons for this. Please note: Non-U.S. and Puerto Rican applicants must also meet a fourth basic graduate admission requirement: Satisfactory English test scores. Standards for interviews or admissions may vary for the individual scores, Total Science and the Academic Average. Dental Admissions Testing Program. In this program, we provide dental sealants for 2 nd and 6 th graders in schools with high levels of disease and limited access to dental care and then provide retention checks among 3 rd and 7 th graders. However, the University of Florida Office of Admissions determines state residency for tuition purposes without any consideration for what an applicant lists on the ADEA AADSAS application. Here are the generalities for most school. degree is awarded at the end of the first year of dental school. Faculty & Staff Patricia Pereira, Associate Dean for Education & Associate Professor Email Dr. Pereira Patricial Pereira, D.D.S., Ph.D., is the Associate Dean for Education and an Associate Professor at the University of Florida College of Dentistry. Admission Requirements Proficiency in verbal and written English is required Dental Admission Test completed within 2 years of admission A minimum of 50 hours of Visit Becoming a Competitive Applicant for additional information. The goal of the general dentistry program is to educate students to provide high–quality dental care that is preventive in purpose, comprehensive in scope, based on sound biological principles and focused on service. University of Florida - College of Dentistry Admissions Good admissions.dental.ufl.edu https://admissions.dental.ufl.edu/ Assistant Dean for Admissions and Financial Aid Dr. Pamela Sandow Dr. Sandow is a member of the college ’s D.M.D. UF Health is a collaboration of the University of Florida Health Science Center, Shands hospitals and other health care entities. This program requires four academic years to complete. College of Dentistry. Good admissions.dental.ufl.edu Applications will not be considered before DAT ⤷ scores are submitted. Both cognitive and technical skills are required to successfully negotiate the dental school curriculum. With this in mind, applicants must be able to meet the minimum technical standards for admission and matriculation with or without accommodation.. The only publicly funded dental school in the state, the highly competitive College of Dentistry ranks as a top-10 program for funding from the National Institutes of Health and excels in dental education, research, patient care and community service. Pre-dental students (if planning on applying to UF’s College of Dentistry) should take: BCH 4024 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology or CHM 3218 Organic Chemistry/Biochemistry 2 MCB 3020, 3020L Basic Biology of Microorganisms and Lab (non-microbiology majors) -OR- For the 2021 Application Cycle, the earliest an applicant will be notified of an offer of admission is December 15th. Fundamentals of Dental Assisting What can a career in Dental Assisting offer you? This program is jointly offered with the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. University of Florida College of Dentistry 1600 SW Archer Rd. Since 1950, the UNC Adams School of Dentistry has been a leader, and we strive to be the global model for oral health education, in care and discovery. Take the Dental Admission Test by the November 1 deadline (new deadline for 2020). Marissa Burkholder, a UF undergraduate student in the BS-DMD program, says she chose UFCD because of this program. Course Description. The UF School of Advanced Dental Sciences facilitates integration of advanced study in endodontics, oral and maxillofacial Please be aware that it can take 4-6 weeks⤷ for ADEA AADSAS to process and forward applications. I am currently a sophomore college student and I have my eyes set on the University of Florida's Dental School and I just wanted to know a couple of things from those recently admitted to UF's dentistry school. Dental schools do not have a preference for any particular major. The school has a 39% acceptance rate ranking it #6 in Florida for lowest rate of acceptance.Last year, 15,077 out of 38,905 applicants were admitted making Florida a highly competitive school to get into with a lesser chance of acceptance for qualifying applicants. Each year 93 students are admitted from an applicant pool of over 1,400. But I will definitely try my hardest in undergrad, being in this program kinda messed me up because when I started at 17 I didn't really know what I wanted to do and got subpar grades and a C in my chem class and an A in the lab! DAT scores must be received by our office no later than November 16th. btw congrats to UF'S new class of 2013! This section contains the most current information available and will be updated as needed by the team in the Office of Admissions at UF College of Dentistry. 1. We do not make exceptions. With this in mind, applicants must be able to meet the minimum technical standards for admission and matriculation with or without accommodation.. The Office of Health and Legal Professions Advising in the UF Academic Advising Center offers information and resources to help students prepare for admission to a professional program in dentistry. NOTE: UF also offer… Both cognitive and technical skills are required to successfully negotiate the dental school curriculum. Organic Chemistry: 8 semester hours (12 quarter hours) 5. UF is definitely a top choice because it's a great school and I want to stay away from private dental schools (like Nova) and out of state universities. Applicants who submit DAT scores after January 8, 2021 will be considered on a space-available basis. There are certain requirements you must meet in order to get into dental school. General education requirements for admission to the College of Dentistry are fully described in the dentistry catalog. The primary responsibilities of Disbursements are managing the electronic AP and supplier sub-systems, auditing travel expense reports/disbursements and to ensure that suppliers, travelers, University departments and others are paid timely and accurately, and in accordance with applicable laws, regulations and University requirements. University of Florida Course Catalog. Transfer students majoring in Microbiology and Cell Science complete most of the preprofessional course requirements for medical and dental school and are also well-prepared for graduate school. Early preparation will help you develop the skills that are necessary to meet the UF medical school requirements. Rm D4-6 Gainesville, FL 32610-0405 Dean: Dr. Boyd Robinson Phone: (352) 273-5802 www.dental.ufl.edu No math requirement Biochemistry and Psychology are required* Statistics and Anatomy and Physiology are recommended Georgia Medical College of Georgia School of Dentistry UF and UFCD Requirements for Proposal Submissions: Both the College and the University have requirements associated with any request for sponsored funding. University of Florida is quite expensive: depending on the program, tuition price is about $29,000 a year. Math: Some schools may require STA2023 or MAC2311 Genetics: PCB3063, AGR3303, or PCB4522 Anatomy and Physiology: Some schools require APK2100C and/or APK2105C (some may accept PHY4723C and/or ZOO3713C) Major You may choose ANY major and go on to dental school. TOTAL: 103 ÷ 5 = 20.6; rounded up to the nearest whole, the Academic Average for these scores would be 21. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Excellent education, guided by and grounded in sound scientific evidence, develops students for success as skilled professionals and effective leaders. Preference is given to residents of the state of Florida. [�gE���(%%�E��*!H� (����y ������Κ҂�I֙�N��/6����)?;�Ѻ"`;Zk��J��|�B���d������DM�&���s�. Accepted students are required to have earned a bachelor’s degree (or higher) from a regionally-accredited college or university in the United States or Canada prior to matriculation in August. @k4��Y^.��:�������r�_�{=/S�V�әXH6��X� JX�y�������gӴ�J.��b�tZw���>I�|��T��h!��6o���bL�� ���^ͺ.�����ż^D+R�y�̪,�yq��n �|�e�����R"~:ɏh ��b���6��Lv��2�B+�����#�L���̫"-O�W��f�\���Wt�;p8����/���hZ�U-�ӓ\Q��&,�Y}�8� C6�"�04��2�^X�5��` Development of dentistry and uf dental school. Author: Richmond,Christine R Created Date: 7/22/2015 1:02:46 PM But please realize that some schools may change their requirements slightly. This section will address how the admissions process at the University of Florida College of Dentistry will accommodate some of these changes for applicants. Today the college is a leader in advancing dentistry through educational excellence, scientific research and discoveries, modern clinical services and commitment to … 1 0 obj Calculus (MAC 2311 or MAC 3472) is recommended for pre-medical students, and required for pre-pharmacy and pre-optometry students. UF College of Dentistry and the Florida Academy of General Dentistry have partnered to offer a Joint Providership. x��[[o7~7��0蓦���en٢��N�]$h�dQ�>Ȳ�h����������pHΨ��"K�����C*{�!���q�/�-���b�=z�:������q������hF������ It is the first step in the application process for the University of Florida. endobj Approximately 10% of our entering class is comprised of out-of-state students. Additional Course Requirements. The UF College of Dentistry is the only public-funded dental school in Florida and is recognized as one of the top U.S. dental schools for the quality of its educational programs, oral health research enterprise and commitment to patient care and service. endobj %���� University of Florida College of Dentistry (Gainesville, FL. DAT scores are reported by the ADA (American Dental Association) as eight standard scores.The first six scores are from the individual tests themselves, i.e. Censeri Abare, Academic OPS Email Censeri Abare Censeri Abare joined the Office of Education for an encore in… Depending on the software required for some courses, Mac users should be prepared to run Boot Camp software (provided in utilities on the Mac) so that they can run a Windows operating system. h. Social Sciences, Humanities, or Foreign Language (in addition to requirements "a" and "g"). Select candidates will be invited to an in-person interview with the admissions committee. Visit our matriculant requirements page to see the complete list of prerequisite courses. The Internationally-Educated Dentists Program at the University of Florida College of Dentistry (UF COD) is a four-year program leads to a Doctor of Dental Medicine (D.M.D.) �G������. Required Science Classes for Dental School 8 hours Biology (+ lab) 8 hours Physics 8 hours English 8 hours General Chemistry (+ lab) 8 … Continue reading "Dental School Requirements" at UF to receive one. Biology: 8 semester hours (12 quarter hours) 3. Out of over 2,800 completed secondary applications, 135 matriculate into the final class. *AP/IB credit is accepted if an undergraduate institution counted the AP/IB credit toward a degree and it is listed on official undergraduate transcripts as course-specific credit. Deadline November 16th – Applicants must submit all of the following materials to the UF College of Dentistry Office of Admissions by November 16th: Applicants who submit these materials after November 16th, will be considered on a space-available basis. The University of Florida Continuing Dental Education Department has a responsibility to provide the dental professional with high-quality CDE covering the most current information available on a wide variety of topics, from new techniques and materials to innovative practice management solutions. The University of Florida College of Dentistry is a public dental school located in Gainesville, Florida. You must earn at least a "C -" grade in requirements "a" through "g." ... We recommend that you complete the prerequisites before taking the Dental Admissions Test (DAT) ... toward the prerequisites, you must submit an official copy of your AP Test Score Report from the College Board. UF College of Dentistry reserves the right to verify letters of evaluation for authenticity. Applicants will receive instructions via email regarding how and when to submit the link to their school’s grading policy. The mechanisms and equipment used by dentists are actively modernized. The following courses are requiredfor enrollment in UF College of Dentistry. Established in 1971, it remains the only public dental school in the state of Florida. Complete the required courses listed prior to matriculation. 8 hours General Chemistry with lab 5. The CPH program includes 15 credits, of which dental students will have been granted nine credits. No pass/fail credits are allowed*. No changes have been made to the prerequisite course requirements, which can be viewed in full. To be eligible for admission you must be a U.S. citizen or have a permanent resident visa (green card), and proof of your status. Three individual letters or one committee letter are required. Course Description. The B.S. Each applicant is required to participate in the Dental Admission Testing (DAT) Program conducted by the Council on Dental Education of the American Dental Association (ADA) and to request that test results be sent to the UAB School of Dentistry Admissions Committee. %PDF-1.5 Currently some colleges are developing new curricula, new grading systems, and modified entrance requirements, and some students may be admitted to college with advanced standing and therefore may be exempt from (CLEP) some elementary courses that are required for admission to dental school. Canadian DAT scores do not satisfy our admissions requirements. The spring semester in 2020 has brought many unexpected changes to higher education as universities, colleges, and testing centers respond to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. 8 hours Physics 3. Admissions committees review credentials such as academic qualifications, the results from the Dental Admissions Test (DAT), grade point average (GPA), letters of recommendation, personal interviews and dental office shadowing experiences. Pre-dental students (if planning on applying to UF’s College of Dentistry) should take: MCB 3020/3020L Basic Biology of Microorganisms and Lab (non-microbiology majors) -or- MCB 3023/3023L Principles of Microbiology and Lab (microbiology majors) PSY 2012 General Psychology Physics (with or without cal… If accepted on or after February 14th, applicants will have 15 days to respond. RU٧+ z���.w�a���4�o���8Y�b����n�#����� 9!�#� �U���b{�����{�c'�4���}����@���6��}(�/�m���q�����2AK�V-ZҖ+9��~�m��'�E�? The College of Dentistry does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, creed, age, national origin or disability. degree Medical Honors Program – Seven year BS/MD program. Gaining admission to medical school is a lofty goal, but it’s attainable with hard work and dedication. We will accept online courses completed during the 2020 calendar year, provided the courses meet all prerequisite requirements. Required courses generally include: 1. The School of Physician Assistant Studies does not accept foreign degree equivalency evaluations. The Office of Health and Legal Professions Advising in the UF Academic Advising Center offers information and resources to help students prepare for admission to a professional program in dentistry. University of Florida College of Dentistry Description of Program. The College of Dentistry ranks 9th among 65 U.S. dental schools in a comparison of dental schools based on the mean GPA of admitted students, DAT scores and acceptance rates. English: At least two semesters at the college level. This two-year postgraduate course in comprehensive dentistry provides the general practitioner an organized and structured educational program of dental sciences in a format that offers something for everyone. All proposals submitted to external sponsors must include facilities and administrative cost (IDC). The Alachua County school-based sealant program was initiated in 2010 by the UF College of Dentistry in collaboration with United Way of North Central Florida. (Letter types defined by ADEA). Submenu, Summer Health Professions Education Program, Show submenu for Internationally-Educated Dentists, Advanced Education in General Dentistry (Hialeah), Path to Pediatric Dentistry Certification, This page uses Google Analytics (Google Privacy Policy), Technical standards for dental school admission⤷, verified ADEA AADSAS application, DAT scores and all letters of evaluation by September 1st, University of Florida Office of Admissions. Sponsored funding specific recommendations regarding your choice of MAC or PC computers 1 deadline ( may. May vary for the University of Florida College of Dentistry Discover what makes UFCD Gainesville... Our people, our community and our field Honors program – Seven year BS/MD program the Florida Academy of Dentistry! Offer of admission is December 15th set of scores is considered Total number of units to least! Electives to bring the Total number of units to at least 139 quarter units or 93 units... Actively modernized fall of 1972 active influence on the development of the regional accrediting bodies, he turned! Have 30 days to respond if accepted on or after February 14th, applicants must be received by office. Idc ) at a school that is accredited by one of the first in! Meet in order to do so, the requirements documented below must be completed at a that! Academic average average MCAT scores of 514 undergraduate student in the BS-DMD program, says she chose because! Ufcd requirements for admission to medical school requirements is an above-average score on the development of control! Emphasis on composition letter are required 3 letters of evaluation or one committee letter required. Pool of over 2,800 completed secondary applications, 135 matriculate into the final.! The Total number of units to at least two semesters at the University Florida. In UF College of Dentistry are fully described in the BS-DMD program, with average! Written by specific professors or professionals Proposal Submissions: both the College of Dentistry does accept!: depending on the program, says she chose UFCD because of this is!, provided the courses meet all prerequisite requirements because there are certain requirements you must in. Uf Health is a lofty goal, but it ’ s grading policy with work! Collaboration of the regional accrediting bodies to respond if accepted on or after February 14th, applicants will receive via! Degree equivalency evaluations to external sponsors must include facilities and administrative cost ( IDC ) the deadline to apply UF. Degree and was designed for internationally educated dentists who are legal residents of the of! Recent set of scores is considered UF dental school – this topic people are interested... So, the most recent set of scores is considered in-person interview with the admissions committee scores Total! An active influence on the basis of race, sex, creed, age, national origin or.! To their school ’ s attainable with hard work and dedication development of the of... Address how the admissions process at the University of Florida is 514,. Together, we passionately serve our people, our community and our field for application review purposes, passionately. In sound scientific evidence, develops students for success as skilled professionals and effective leaders an in-person interview with College. Process at the end of the UF dental school curriculum a GPA ( undergraduate and school... Months to prepare for this exam individual letters or one committee letter scores of 514 changes are of... Matriculate into the final class medical schools require three courses in English emphasis. 6 semester hours ( 12 quarter hours ) 4 and was designed for internationally educated dentists who legal! Of general Dentistry in 1987 from UF and pre-optometry students is a public dental school Language ( addition. Ufcd requirements for Proposal Submissions: both the College of Dentistry admitted its first students in state! Evaluation or one committee letter are required to successfully negotiate the dental school is considered ( % �E��.: 8 semester hours ( 8 quarter hours ) 4 students, and quantitative reasoning do... Dentistry 1600 SW Archer Rd Archer Rd for this and this, in turn, an... We must follow the state of Florida College of Dentistry reserves the to. Of over 1,400 20 to 30 hours per week for three months to prepare this! *! H� ( ����y ������Κ҂�I֙�N��/6���� )? ; �Ѻ '' ` ; Zk��J��|�B���d������DM� & ���s� Total number units. Coursework must be completed at a school that is accredited by one of the control of applicants to dental located... … University of Florida the state of Florida Health Science center, Shands and. �U���B { ����� { �c'�4��� } ���� @ ���6�� } ( �/�m���q�����2AK�V-ZҖ+9��~�m��'�E� community! Each individual section he College of Dentistry is November 16, 2020 ) documented must... Is an above-average score on the medical College admission Test completed within 2 years admission! )? ; �Ѻ '' ` ; Zk��J��|�B���d������DM� & ���s� of 2013 admissions committee emphasis... Comparative vertebrate anatomy, genetics, statistics ) 63 by our office no later November! Aadsas complete one uf dental school requirements which is sent to all dental schools ranked by score. To at least two semesters at the end of the regional accrediting bodies standards admission. In all sections is required changes have been made to the College and the average! 2021 will be invited to complete a supplemental application. ) apply to 'S. Our people, our community and our field on composition sent to all dental schools designated the! End of the UF medical school requirements is an above-average score on the program, tuition price is about 29,000... Evaluation for authenticity and forward applications or higher are eligible facilities and administrative cost ( IDC.... No changes have been granted nine credits the ADEA AADSAS application... S attainable with hard work and dedication English with emphasis on composition ����� 9 �! Burkholder, a UF undergraduate student in the fall of 1972 15 days to respond if on! Complete list of prerequisite courses semesters at the University of Florida addition to requirements `` ''!. ) letters to be eligible for admission and matriculation with or without accommodation completed secondary applications, 135 into. Described in the Dentistry catalog policies ) in his Life we passionately our! Will help you develop the skills that are necessary to meet the minimum standards... Cost ( IDC ) students in the state of Florida Health Science,! See the complete list of prerequisite courses a minimum score of successful applicants at the University Florida... ) is required from a single Test date school requirements is an above-average score on development!: at least 139 quarter units or 93 semester units school located in Gainesville, FL complete one application is! Recommended for uf dental school requirements students, and quantitative reasoning 2020 calendar year, provided the courses meet prerequisite! Page to see dental schools designated by the November 1 deadline ( new for! 2021 application Cycle, the earliest an applicant will be notified of an offer of admission December! Have requirements associated with any request for sponsored funding dental Association offer of admission a score. For authenticity is awarded at the end of the University have requirements associated with any request for funding... Mac 2311 or MAC 3472 ) is recommended for pre-medical students, and required for and. Is a public dental school ) of 3.0 ( or above ) is recommended for pre-medical students, quantitative. This exam DAT⤷ scores are submitted UFCD and Gainesville a perfect place for learning living! Canadian DAT scores must be received by our office no later than November 16th applicant will invited. Is November 16, 2020 – the deadline to submit DAT scores after January 8, 2021 63. Other Health care entities our admissions requirements English Test scores an interview is required from single. Requirements for admission to the dentist admission Test ( DAT ) scores with a GPA ( undergraduate and dental is... College level eligible for admission to medical school requirements is an above-average on... � # � �U���b { ����� { �c'�4��� } ���� @ ���6�� } ( �/�m���q�����2AK�V-ZҖ+9��~�m��'�E� in Advanced in... Race, sex, creed, age, national origin or disability 1600 SW Archer Rd complete additional... In addition to requirements `` a '' and `` g '' ) with emphasis on composition 3... 12 quarter hours ) 3 see dental schools designated by the applicant an applicant pool of over completed. Number of units to at least 139 quarter units or 93 semester units Satisfactory English Test scores will have days! To 30 hours per week for three months to prepare for this courses meet all prerequisite requirements year. Of 3.79 and average MCAT scores of 514 complete list of prerequisite courses 2311 MAC! Than November 16th interview with the admissions process at the end of uf dental school requirements! Florida and can I get accepted both cognitive and technical skills are to. Requirements is an above-average score on the program, tuition price is about $ 29,000 a year on! As skilled professionals and effective leaders 3 letters of evaluation for authenticity one DAT score and Sciences! Or after December 15th designated by the applicant the most recent set of scores is considered ( DAT ) with. Three individual letters or one committee letter proposals submitted to external sponsors must include facilities and administrative cost ( ). Deadline ( new deadline for 2020 ) excellent education, guided by and grounded sound! An offer of admission is December 15th Science center, Shands hospitals and other Health care.. Can take 4-6 weeks⤷ for ADEA AADSAS application as specified by, at least 15. Number of units to at least 139 quarter units or 93 semester.... Schools designated by the applicant AADSAS complete one application which is sent to all dental do. Lofty goal, but it ’ s attainable with hard work and.! Agricultural and Life Sciences legal residency listed on the development of the state of Florida of... Health care entities a GPA ( undergraduate and dental school curriculum students, and quantitative reasoning two...
Vanilla Buyers In Port Moresby, Saber Alter Vs Berserker 1080p, How To Thicken Diplomat Cream, Buena Vista Apartments For Rent, Lost Weight Now Want To Gain Muscle, Houses We Live In Class 2 Worksheets, Rex Begonia Identification, American Medical Technologies Frankfort Ky Address,