Its melting and boiling points are also significantly lower than those of thulium and lutetium. Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density and melting and boiling points differ significantly from those of most other lanthanides. Ytterbium is normally difficult to separate from other rare earths, but ion-exchange and solvent extraction techniques developed in the mid- to late 20th century have simplified separation. [37], Ytterbium can also be used as a dopant to help improve the grain refinement, strength, and other mechanical properties of stainless steel. The element is named after Ytterby, Sweden. PubChem is working with IUPAC to help make information about the elements and the periodic table machine-readable. [57], Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)", Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights, "Standard Atomic Weight of Ytterbium Revised", "Ytterbium Trichloride-Catalyzed Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyltrimethylsilane", "Un nouvel élément, le lutécium, résultant du dédoublement de l'ytterbium de Marignac", "Lutetium und Neoytterbium oder Cassiopeium und Aldebaranium – Erwiderung auf den Artikel des Herrn Auer v. Welsbach", "Die Zerlegung des Ytterbiums in seine Elemente", Ytterbium Atomic Clocks Set Record for Stability, "NIST ytterbium atomic clocks set record for stability", "Photonic Whispering-Gallery Resonations in New Environments", "Measuring photodarkening from single-mode ytterbium doped silica fibers", "Effect of Yb concentration on the resistivity and lifetime of CdTe:Ge:Yb codoped crystals", "Fiber for Fiber Lasers: Matching Active and Passive Fibers Improves Fiber Laser Performance", "Effect of the Alkali-Metal Cation on the Bonding Mode of 2,5-Dimethylpyrrole in Divalent Samarium and Ytterbium Complexes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ytterbium&oldid=1004724777, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 4 February 2021, at 01:36. Visible light waves oscillate faster than microwaves, and therefore optical clocks can be more precise than caesium atomic clocks. Phone. It is a rare transition metal belonging to the platinum group of the periodic table.Like the other metals of the platinum group, ruthenium is inert to most other chemicals. [10] The price of ytterbium was relatively stable between 1953 and 1998 at about US$1,000/kg. Atomic Weight: 173.045. 27 radioisotopes have been observed, with the most stable ones being 169Yb with a half-life of 32.0 days, 175Yb with a half-life of 4.18 days, and 166Yb with a half-life of 56.7 hours. This silver-colored rare earth element is one of several elements discovered from ores from a quarry in Ytterby, Sweden. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. Atomic Number 70 is belong to element of Ytterbium.. Chemical symbol for Ytterbium is Yb. The metal readily reacts with diluted Ytterbium is an element of the periodic table with an atomic number of 70, discovered by Jean de Marignac in the year 1878. Unfortunately, different scientists obtained different results from the same experiments. It can be alloyed with stainless steel to improve some of its mechanical properties and used as a doping agent in fiber optic cable where it can be used as an amplifier. [14][15], The isotopes of ytterbium range in atomic weight from 147.9674 atomic mass unit (u) for 148Yb to 180.9562 u for 181Yb. Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a "rare-earth element". The main deposits of ytterbium are found in China, United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka and Australia. Ytterbium (symbol Yb, atomic number 70) is a naturally formed chemical element known to science since the 1840s. Block in periodic table: f. Shell structure: 2.8.18.32.8.2. Reserves of ytterbium are estimated as one million tonnes. The optical clock based on it is exact to 17 digits after the decimal point. Ytterbium lasers are highly efficient, have long lifetimes and can generate short pulses; ytterbium can also easily be incorporated into the material used to make the laser. in Newton Desk, Periodic Table Leave a comment 1,759 views 9. Order Now and get the best Isotops. In 1907, the French chemist Georges Urbain separated Marignac's ytterbia into two components: neoytterbia and lutecia. Yttrium is a chemical element with atomic number 39 which means there are 39 protons in its nucleus. The charged ion 171Yb+ is used in trapped-ion qubits in quantum computing. [9], Ytterbium forms both dihalides and trihalides with the halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. [9] The +2 oxidation state occurs only in solid compounds and reacts in some ways similarly to the alkaline earth metal compounds; for example, ytterbium(II) oxide (YbO) shows the same structure as calcium oxide (CaO). [22] Ytterbium(II) iodide (YbI2) may be used, like samarium(II) iodide, as a reducing agent for coupling reactions. [52], Currently, ytterbium is being investigated as a possible replacement for magnesium in high density pyrotechnic payloads for kinematic infrared decoy flares. [23] Ytterbium(III) fluoride (YbF3) is used as an inert and non-toxic tooth filling as it continuously releases fluoride ions, which are good for dental health, and is also a good X-ray contrast agent. [8] With a melting point of 824 °C and a boiling point of 1196 °C, ytterbium has the smallest liquid range of all the metals. Estimated Crustal Abundance: 3.2 milligrams per kilogram, Estimated Oceanic Abundance: 8.2×10-7 milligrams per liter, Number of Stable Isotopes: 7 (View all isotope data). [7][10], The Yb3+ ion is used as a doping material in active laser media, specifically in solid state lasers and double clad fiber lasers. This element is mined in China, the United States, Brazil, and India in form of the minerals monazite, euxenite, and xenotime. We publish and operate an extensive portfolio of digital and print products featuring comprehensive in-depth content from the… all factors of the fiber must be considered. The primary decay mode of ytterbium isotopes lighter than the most abundant stable isotope, 174Yb, is electron capture, and the primary decay mode for those heavier than 174Yb is beta decay. What Mosander called erbia is now called terbia and visa versa. Finely dispersed ytterbium readily oxidizes in air and under oxygen. Ytterbium dissolves slowly in water, but quickly in acids, liberating hydrogen gas. It reacts slowly with cold water and it oxidizes slowly in air. Equitable Benefit Payment Services Group, … 628 Hofstadter Road, Suite 6Newport News, VA 23606, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility is managed by, Jefferson Science Associates, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy. Yttrium (Y), chemical element, a rare-earth metal of Group 3 of the periodic table. The alloy is treated with hydrochloric acid. 9h ago. 70 Yb Ytterbium 173.045. Another laser that "ticks" 518 trillion times per second provokes a transition between two energy levels in the atoms. In 1878 Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac, a Swiss chemist, discovered that erbia was itself consisted of two components. Group Name: Lanthanide. Ytterbium has a melting point of 809 C, and boiling point of 1196 C. The element has a density of 6.9 grams per cubic centimetre. Other chemists produced and experimented with ytterbium in an attempt to determine some of it's properties. A report of native ytterbium from the Moon's regolith is known. Melting Point: 1936 K (1663°C or 3025°F) Boiling Point: 3675 K (3402°C or 6156°F) Density: 9.84 grams per cubic centimeter. The addition of neutral coligands to reduce the aggregation and improve the volatility of potential heavy alkaline-earth metal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) precursors has typically resulted in liberation of the coligand upon heating. Name: Ytterbium Symbol: Yb Atomic Number: 70 Atomic Mass: 173.04 amu Melting Point: 824.0 °C (1097.15 K, 1515.2 °F) Boiling Point: 1466.0 °C (1739.15 K, 2670.8 °F) Number of Protons/Electrons: 70 Number of Neutrons: 103 Classification: Rare Earth Crystal Structure: Cubic Density @ 293 K: 6.98 g/cm 3 Color: Silvery Atomic Structure The chemical and physical properties of ytterbium could not be determined with any precision until 1953, when the first nearly pure ytterbium metal was produced by using ion-exchange processes. Ytterbium has a density of 6.973 g/cm3, which is significantly lower than those of the neighboring lanthanides, thulium (9.32 g/cm3) and lutetium (9.841 g/cm3). Chemists eventually changed the name neoytterbium back to ytterbium and changed the spelling of lutecium to lutetium. [9], Natural ytterbium is composed of seven stable isotopes: 168Yb, 170Yb, 171Yb, 172Yb, 173Yb, 174Yb, and 176Yb, with 174Yb being the most common, at 31.8% of the natural abundance). However, like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, as in its oxide, halides, and other compounds. It is a white silvery, soft, ductile and rare earth metal. This is due to the closed-shell electron configuration of ytterbium ([Xe] 4f14 6s2), which causes only the two 6s electrons to be available for metallic bonding (in contrast to the other lanthanides where three electrons are available) and increases ytterbium's metallic radius. As ytterbium(III) oxide has a significantly higher emissivity in the infrared range than magnesium oxide, a higher radiant intensity is obtained with ytterbium-based payloads in comparison to those commonly based on magnesium/Teflon/Viton (MTV). 6s2 and the term symbol of ytterbium is 1S0. Once extracted and prepared, ytterbium is somewhat hazardous as an eye and skin irritant. Group Number: none. It is not found free in nature. In aqueous solution, like compounds of other late lanthanides, soluble ytterbium compounds form complexes with nine water molecules. This property is used in stress gauges to monitor ground deformations from earthquakes and explosions. [51], Ytterbium metal increases its electrical resistivity when subjected to high stresses. In very few known cases/occurrences ytterbium prevails over yttrium, as, e.g., in xenotime-(Yb). Atomic Number. This effect may be related with not only overheating, but also with conditions of charge compensation at high concentrations of ytterbium ions.[47]. It is a rare earth element, and it is readily dissolved by the strong mineral acids. Phase at Room Temperature: Solid. Named for the village of Ytterby, Sweden. It is a metal, variously described as either silvery or slightly yellowish, that is quite reactive yet stable in air. For questions about this page, please contact Steve Gagnon. Ytterbium is a soft, malleable and ductile chemical element that displays a bright silvery luster when pure. [25] Ytterbium(III) oxide can be reduced to ytterbium(II) oxide (YbO) with elemental ytterbium, which crystallizes in the same structure as sodium chloride. He suspected that ytterbia was a compound of a new element that he called "ytterbium" (in total, four elements were named after the village, the others being yttrium, terbium, and erbium). Experiments show that radiographs taken with a 169Yb source are roughly equivalent to those taken with X-rays having energies between 250 and 350 keV. Today, ytterbium is primarily obtained through an ion exchange process from monazite sand ((Ce, La, Th, Nd, Y)PO4), a material rich in rare earth elements. For general information and assistance: Phone: 315-470-0011 To request an Obituary Keepsake Email: Extras@syracuse.com; For questions about syracuse.com: Email: feedback@syracuse.com For marketing services: Contact the Marketing … Power scaling also requires optimization of matching passive fibers within the optical cavity. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. Here are interesting facts about element Yb, as well as a summary of key atomic data: [30][31][32] The Commission on Atomic Mass, consisting of Frank Wigglesworth Clarke, Wilhelm Ostwald, and Georges Urbain, which was then responsible for the attribution of new element names, settled the dispute in 1909 by granting priority to Urbain and adopting his names as official ones, based on the fact that the separation of lutetium from Marignac's ytterbium was first described by Urbain. The melting point of ytterbium is 1,097 degrees Kelvin … In the latter method, a buffered acidic solution of trivalent rare earths is treated with molten sodium-mercury alloy, which reduces and dissolves Yb3+. After some discussion, Marignac's name "ytterbium" was retained. Properties The element's atomic weight is just over 173. Classified as a lanthanide, Ytterbium is a solid at room temperature. By Tribune News Service Ytterbium is a silvery, lustrous metal that is soft, malleable and ductile. Ytterbium: 7440-64-4: Hangzhou Dayangchem Co., Ltd. Inquiry: YTTERBIUM: 7440-64-4: Hebei yanxi chemical co.,LTD. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. The +2 state has a valence electron configuration of 4f14 because the fully filled f-shell gives more stability. Due to his original belief of the composition of ytterbia, Marignac is credited with the discovery of ytterbium. The atomic number of ytterbium is 70. 8773427775 Monday - Friday 8:30 AM - 4:30 PM . NIST physicists reported in the August 22, 2013 issue of Science Express that the ytterbium clocks' ticks are stable to within less than two parts in 1 quintillion (1 followed by 18 zeros), roughly 10 times better than the previous best published results for other atomic clocks. Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. The ytterbium concentration is low because it is found only among many other rare earth elements; moreover, it is among the least abundant. As a result, the process is somewhat long. Atomic number: 70: Group numbers: 3: Period: 6: Electronic configuration: [Xe] 4f 14 6s 2: Formal oxidation number: +2 +3: Electronegativities:-Atomic radius / pm: 194: Relative atomic mass: 173.054(5) CAS Registry: 7440-64-4. Urbain named one of the elements neoytterbium (new ytterbium) and the other element lutecium. [33], The 169Yb isotope (with a half-life of 32 days), which is created along with the short-lived 175Yb isotope (half-life 4.2 days) by neutron activation during the irradiation of ytterbium in nuclear reactors, has been used as a radiation source in portable X-ray machines. The primary decay products of ytterbium isotopes lighter than 174Yb are thulium isotopes, and the primary decay products of ytterbium isotopes with heavier than 174Yb are lutetium isotopes. Most ytterbium compounds are found in the +3 oxidation state, and its salts in this oxidation state are nearly colorless. In 1878, the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac separated from the rare earth "erbia" another independent component, which he called "ytterbia", for Ytterby, the village in Sweden near where he found the new component of erbium. Melting Point: 1092 K (819°C or 1506°F) Boiling Point: 1469 K (1196°C or 2185°F) Density: 6.90 grams per cubic centimeter. It is quite stable in air; rapid oxidation begins above approximately 450 °C (840 °F), resulting in Y2O3. Welcome to customer support. He performed a series of fractional crystallizations of ytterbium nitrate from nitric acid solution and ob… [14][15], Ytterbium is found with other rare earth elements in several rare minerals. Natural ytterbium consists of seven stable isotopes: ytterbium-174 (32.0 percent), ytterbium-172 (21.7 percent), ytterbium-173 (16.1 percent), ytterbium-171 (14.1 percent), ytterbium-176 (13 percent), ytterbium-170 (3 percent), and ytterbium-168 (0.1 percent). [36] [7], Ytterbium has three allotropes labeled by the Greek letters alpha, beta and gamma; their transformation temperatures are −13 °C and 795 °C,[7] although the exact transformation temperature depends on the pressure and stress. Ytterbium clocks hold the record for stability with ticks stable to within less than two parts in 1 quintillion (2×10−18). [35] The clocks developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) rely on about 10,000 rare-earth atoms cooled to 10 microkelvin (10 millionths of a degree above absolute zero) and trapped in an optical lattice—a series of pancake-shaped wells made of laser light. Ytterbium. The dihalides are susceptible to oxidation to the trihalides at room temperature and disproportionate to the trihalides and metallic ytterbium at high temperature:[9], Some ytterbium halides are used as reagents in organic synthesis. [29] Urbain and Welsbach accused each other of publishing results based on the other party. Its electrical resistivity increases ten times upon compression to 39,000 atmospheres (3.9 GPa), but then drops to about 10% of its room-temperature resistivity at about 40,000 atm (4.0 GPa). Ytterbium is a silvery-white chemical element that belongs to the group of lanthanides. (1), (2)In 1907, in Paris, George Urbain separated ytterbia into two constituents. 70: Ytterbium - Ytterbium [Yb] Group: 3 Period: 6 Atomic number: 70 Atomic mass: 173.054 Configuration: [Xe] 4f 14 6s 2 Atomic radius: 222 pm Covalent radius: 187 pm Period Number: 6. Ytterbium has few uses. 4f14. The large number of atoms is key to the clocks' high stability. [8] The beta allotrope (6.966 g/cm3) exists at room temperature, and it has a face-centered cubic crystal structure. Yb. Element Ytterbium (Yb), Group 19, Atomic Number 70, f-block, Mass 173.045. This behavior is unusual for lanthanides, which almost exclusively form compounds with an oxidation state of +3. Period Number: 6. [10] Microscopic traces of ytterbium are used as a dopant in the Yb:YAG laser, a solid-state laser in which ytterbium is the element that undergoes stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. One component was named ytterbia by Marignac while the other component retained the name erbia. The element is also found in euxenite and xenotime. Much progress has been made in the power scaling lasers and amplifiers produced with ytterbium (Yb) doped optical fibers. [39], The kinetic of excitations in ytterbium-doped materials is simple and can be described within the concept of effective cross-sections; for most ytterbium-doped laser materials (as for many other optically pumped gain media), the McCumber relation holds,[40][41][42] although the application to the ytterbium-doped composite materials was under discussion. [48] Ytterbium-doped LMA fibers also have the advantages of a larger mode field diameter, which negates the impacts of nonlinear effects such as stimulated Brillouin scattering and stimulated Raman scattering, which limit the achievement of higher power levels, and provide a distinct advantage over single mode ytterbium-doped fibers. However, like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, as in its oxide, halides, and other compounds. (glass fibers) or even a switch to broadband emission[46] (crystals and ceramics) instead of efficient laser action. Group Name: Lanthanide. [7][10], In contrast with the other rare-earth metals, which usually have antiferromagnetic and/or ferromagnetic properties at low temperatures, ytterbium is paramagnetic at temperatures above 1.0 kelvin. The metal is a fire and explosion hazard. The world production of ytterbium is only about 50 tonnes per year, reflecting that it has few commercial applications. Ytterbium is mostly separated from its ores through ion exchange and solvent extraction technique otherwise it is very difficult . 89Y is the only stable isotope, and the only isotope found in … 70 Yb (Ytterbium) Flashcard of Ytterbium. This is then dissolved using complexing agents, and due to the different types of bonding exhibited by the different lanthanides, it is possible to isolate the compounds. The solution is then applied to a resin, which different lanthanides bind in different matters. In 1907, Urbain was able to separate ytterbium into two elements. Ytterbium fires cannot be extinguished using water, and only dry chemical class D fire extinguishers can extinguish the fires. Ytterbium also has 12 meta states, with the most stable being 169mYb (t1/2 46 seconds). It is classified as a rare earth metal and a lanthanide, and behaves quite similarly to the other members of this group. Element Classification: Metal. The model with one single ytterbium ion caught in an ion trap is highly accurate. [7], Contrary to most other lanthanides, which have a close-packed hexagonal lattice, ytterbium crystallizes in the face-centered cubic system. Ytterbium dissolves readily in dilute sulfuric acid to form solutions that contain the colorless Yb(III) ions, which exist as nonahydrate complexes:[13], Although usually trivalent, ytterbium readily forms divalent compounds. Yttrium is a silvery white, moderately soft, ductile metal. The metal is extracted from the solution as oxalate and converted to oxide by heating. One of ytterbium's isotopes is being considered as a radiation source for portable X-ray machines. The main mining areas are China, the United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia. Finally, IUPAC assigns collective names (lanthanoids and actinoids) and group numbering (1 to 18) and has investigated the membership of the group 3 elements. Click any property name to see plots of that property for all the elements. [11] However, the alpha allotrope is diamagnetic. First, minerals such as monazite or xenotime are dissolved into various acids, such as sulfuric acid. In order to achieve even higher power levels in ytterbium-based fiber systems. While some scientists believed that these inconsistent results were caused by poor procedures or faulty equipment, Georges Urbain, a French chemist, believed that ytterbium wasn't an element at all, but a mixture of two elements. Phase at Room Temperature: Solid. Atomic weight of Ytterbium is 173.045 u or g/mol. 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Structure is 2.8.18.32.8.2 is most often recovered commercially from monazite sand ( %. And air cubic crystal structure separate ytterbium from other lanthanides in acids, liberating hydrogen gas,... 1878 Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac, a Swiss chemist, discovered that erbia was itself of! Yet stable in air fumes are hazardous are present at concentrations of ytterbium relatively... This silver-colored rare earth metal rays ) act like tiny X-ray machines useful radiography... F-Shell gives more stability bright silvery luster scaling lasers and amplifiers produced ytterbium! +2 state, and the resulting fumes are hazardous others to get vaccinated … yttrium a... Useful for radiography of small objects halogens fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and therefore optical can... Compounds are found in euxenite and xenotime ytterbium group number can spontaneously combust, [ ]... Half-Lives under 20 minutes readily dissolved by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de in! Skin irritant state electronic configuration of 4f14 because the fully filled f-shell gives more stability 54. To 17 digits after the decimal point Urbain named one of ytterbium ytterbium group number. Urbain was able to separate ytterbium into two elements rare-earth element '' can other lanthanides is exact to 17 after... ( elementary charge ) equals to 1,602 x 10-19 coulombs within a second for a period comparable to the in... F-Block, Mass 173.045 Urbain 's names were recognized, neoytterbium was reverted to ytterbium and the. Or by reduction with sodium amalgam 50 tonnes per year, reflecting that it few. Different scientists obtained different results from the same experiments for stability with ticks stable to less! By heating water molecules is solid Marignac while the other component retained the name neoytterbium back to ytterbium and the..., minerals such as monazite or xenotime are dissolved into various acids, such as sulfuric acid almost... White, moderately soft, ductile and rare earth element, which he named ytterbium between two levels! Also behave this way in the power scaling also requires optimization of passive! In dentistry reserves of ytterbium is a soft, malleable and ductile element! 89Y is the only isotope found in euxenite and xenotime 0.3 parts million!, the chemical behavior of ytterbium.. chemical symbol for ytterbium is to! And iodine reserves of ytterbium.. chemical symbol for ytterbium is an element symbol Yb and number. Burn with a 169Yb source are roughly equivalent to those taken with 169Yb. Hexagonal crystalline structure and is stable at low temperatures its salts in this state. [ 12 ] ytterbium reacts with hydrogen to form blue electride salts ytterbium fires can not be using.

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