Its lowest organizational units are public security stations, which maintain close day-to-day contact with the public. PEOPLE'S POLICE LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (Adopted at the 12th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on February 28, 1995 and promulgated by Order No. Item Information. 26 provincial-level subdivisions have 1 Mobile Detachment in addition to the provincial force; seven subdivisions instead have more than one:[20]:12–13,36, The IGC Contingents deployed at the provincial levels are further downsized to regiments/brigades, battalions and companies in battle order, which are stationed in a number of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the headquarters. Units of the Mobile Contingents mostly originate from former 14 PAP's Divisions. However, since the establishment of the Chengguan in 2001/2002, there have been numerous cases of Chengguan in cities across China using excessive violence and abuse of power. Police personnel could use their batons only in self-defense or when necessary to subdue or prevent the escape of violent criminals or rioters. [4][1] Luo Ruiqing was appointed as the commander and political commissar of the PSF in September 1950 and remained on the posts until 1959, retaining the command of the PSF. Police cars in the mainland are white with a dark blue swoosh painted on the side such as BYD e6. [20]:15, The Border Defense Corps and Guards Corps have been absorbed by the Ministry of Public Security. [37], The national-level Special Police Unit is the People's Armed Police Special Police Academy, reporting to the People's Armed Police Headquarters. ”The People′s Armed Police,“ China News Analysis, Hong Kong, April 1993, p. 7. Tagged under National Emblem Of The Peoples Republic Of China, Peoples Police Of The Peoples Republic Of China, Peoples Armed Police, China, Police, Public Security, Chinese Public Security Bureau. [1][22], The People's Armed Police is formally regulated by the People's Armed Police Law of the People's Republic of China (Chinese: 中华人民共和国人民武装警察法), adopted and effective since 27 August 2009.[23]. The legal system in Macau is based in Portuguese legal system, as well as some aspects of German law, Chinese law, Italian law, and some English common law. The PAPF consists of the internal security force and various police forces. [5] These tragedies have given the Chengguan a notorious reputation and the agency is generally disliked and loathed by the Chinese people. On the PAP figures and a more general assessment of Chinese military spending, see International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance 1995/96 (London: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. During the Qing period, the people's aversion to legalistic procedures and the rulers' preferences for socially and collectively imposed sanctions continued. The first law on the People's Armed Police, the Law on the People's Armed Police Force (PAPF), was passed in August 2009, giving it statutory authority to respond to riots, terrorist attacks or other emergencies. The 1997 Criminal Procedure Law allows the police to detain a person for up to 37 days before release or formal arrest, more vigorous court reviews have led to the release of thousands of unlawfully detained individuals. The People's Armed Police Logistics Academy is a training body aimed to train People's Armed Police personnel in handling logistics. The China People’s Police University is designated very high risk for its affiliation with China’s Ministry of Public Security. The functional subunits, the residents' committees and residents' small groups, were particularly important in controlling the people. (27 Apr) In recent years, China had begun to worry about forces from within and without, and it has been repeatedly reported that President Xi’s regime is unstable and the Communist Party has been fighting internally. With the new organization, local authorities need central approval in order to deploy the PAP.[17]. The PLA gradually took over public security functions by establishing military control committees to replace the government bureaucracy. The 1979 amended regulations, however, limited the length of reeducation through labor to three years with possible extension for extraordinary cases. In urban areas an average of 11 patrolmen were responsible for controlling an area containing 15,000 or more residents. Nevertheless, public security agencies required and received the assistance of a wide-ranging network of grass-roots organizations to mobilize residents' responses to the government's call for observance of laws, lead the people in maintaining social order and public security, and settle disputes among residents. Under communist rule, the family was not considered an effective control mechanism. People's communes were subdivided into production brigades and production teams. Mediation committees also exerted strong political, economic, social, and moral pressures upon one or both parties to gain "voluntary" compliance with the decisions. [20]:32 All provincial-level Contingents maintain "Duty Detachments" (Chinese: 执勤支队; pinyin: Zhíqín Zhīduì), which perform routine duties, including protecting government compounds, in order to be able to complement the Public Security apparatus in case of the latter's failure to handle riots and other forms of mass incidents. In wartime deployments the PAP can act as light infantry supporting the PLAGF in local defense missions and in support of the PLAN in naval operations. In order maintenance activities, the People's Armed Police uses the preventive patrol, under the leadership of the public security organs, and sometimes in conjunction with them. The thirty-one Internal Guard Contingents are responsible for security duty of important political and economic facilities and government buildings at all levels (including party and state organizations, foreign embassies, and consulates), municipal armed patrol, security duty for senior government officials. As one pillar of China’s armed forces, the People’s Armed Police (PAP) is poised to take on a greater role in defending China’s national interests. The station's household section maintains a registry of all persons living in the area. FBI warns state, local police about China targeting people on U.S. soil. [20]:15, From the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the paramilitary public security force has been reorganized numerous times. Soldiers drive armored vehicles on snow ground . (Sept. 3, 2009) On August 27, 2009, the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress passed the Law on the People's Armed Police, in seven chapters comprising 38 articles. This includes local bylaws, city appearance bylaws, environment, sanitation, work safety, pollution control, health, and can involve enforcement in planning, greening, industry and commerce, environment protection, municipal affairs and water in large cities. It was responsible over the years for the personal security of Mao Zedong and other party and state leaders. [7][8], The history of the People's Armed Police is as long as that of the People's Republic, and its origin can be traced back to the People's Liberation Army, which was responsible for both defending the nation from foreign invasions and maintaining internal security. Eventually, each group of families also was required to furnish men to serve in the militia. To achieve near-total control, a large number of administrative agencies and social organizations were established or adapted. From the 1950s to the early 1980s, it was structured along military lines. The China Coast Guard was formerly the maritime branch of the People's Armed Police (PAP) Border Security Force under the Ministry of Public Security until 2013. Unlike the regular People's Police of the Ministry of Public Security, the PAP is a specialized security branch of the Chinese military and reports to the Central Military Commission. 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