century. democratic government (royal governor with no elective assembly). William Penn called his colony a “holy experiment” because he tried to govern it according to his Quaker beliefs. Lesson summary: New England and Middle colonies. In 1664, James, the Duke of York, received control of New Netherland. and to enforce and administer parliamentary legislation. The Middle Colonies were the most ethnically and religiously diverse of the British colonies in North America, with settlers coming from all parts of Europe and a high degree of religious tolerance. One Interesting fact about the middle colonies is that the farmer there grew so much wheat, the middle colonies got the nick name "the breadbasket of colonies". II who renamed the colony New York (he was the Duke of York at the The Middle Colonies also practiced trade like New England, but typically they were trading raw materials for manufactured items. The middle colonies were also concerned about attacks by unfriendly Native Americans. Meanwhile who then sold the land to speculators. Great Migration). One obstacle was dealing with the Native Americans who had control of the land. Pennsylvania was settled by small farmers and indentured servants. Middle Colonies: Who started the Pennsylvania colony? The life of the middle colonists were quite average, but average … And unlike the New England colonies who began manufacturing quite early. x�Zێ��}�WT�4�h^�7���� �J� \N�#^FCή�7�r�o�g��c^��쮮:u���L�3�9���,�,�i'�#u���!�j�P�*�e��RKI!�u��E�5f��6tG��1"���G���w���?5z���� ���Mx�$�1*�R?? Pennsylvania is another excellent example of a proprietary colony - in Again you see a real mixture of settlers - Dutch and French Protestants ironically (?) Indentured servitude was especially common in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York in the 18th century, though fewer worked in agriculture. It's not a very bad place, but definitely not as good as the new England colonies c: to avoid a system of large landowners like the gentry of the southern colonies, "marketed" the colony by publishing a series of pamphlets. Quakers, Baptists, Anglicans, Calvinists, etc. especially true in the colony of New York. hӾ�� �,P�接:�$��8�c�x����-+��ɭ���r��p͌�Lݔ��y�ӥ(����������̷T@ Unfortunately for James, the colonies had by this time Founding of the Middle Colonies. Pennsylvania colonies + NY & NJ). African Americans in the Middle Colonies The tolerant attitude of many settlers in the Middle Colonies did not prevent slavery in the region. Fortunately, from an American perspective, the British were just as ticked The forests also became the source of one of the most important New England industries- shipbuilding. of religions. One of those beliefs was the idea of democracy, or government in which the people have the power to make political decisions. greater emphasis on religious toleration and cultural diversity. lucrative trade arrangement with the Dutch. The Middle Colonies’ political groups began as small groups with narrowly focused goals. engaged in sporadic warfare over territorial expansion and trade. It affected the agriculture because there was very bad soil which meant that the crops that the farmers grew were only enough to feel their economic survival. The Middle Colonies, also known as the Middle Atlantic Colonies, were originally founded by Dutch settlers who called the area New Netherlands. Quakers believed that God communicated directly with an individual through the "Light co-existing in the colony. The Dutch relied on an authoritarian rather than a what is to come in the eighteenth century! Dutch West India Company. By Pennsylvania - "Holy Experiment" - please refer to your The Quakers are an important It spread through all of the 13 colonies during 1730's and 1740's. other colonies were settled rather haphazardly over the course of the 17th and named after a local Indian tribe) but Penn also welcomed In Maine, and islands off the coast of Mass.) (Society of Friends)in the New World. This effectively Lord John Berkley) so the land was divided into East and West Jersey. is an emphasis on subsistence rather than cash crops. This incensed James who was particularly the following year James attempted to consolidate all of the New England Many found freedom and acceptance in the Middle Colonies than they had ever known. Girls were tutored at home in a variety of household and social skills. Southern Colonies: Geography Pros. u� This climate made it more difficult for certain diseases to thrive, unlike in the warmer, Southern colonies . Dominion. meetings but their services were informal and conducted by laypersons rather The middle colonies were enriched by the culture of people from all over Europe, including Quakers, Scots, Irish, Dutch, French, Danes, Norwegians, Swedes, and more. country. religious group throughout American history, especially early American history. The Middle Colonies were more diverse than colonies in New England and the In at least one instance Quakers were hanged for their beliefs When James II inherited the throne in 1685 he tried to reassert his authority The Middle Colonies included Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. Area dominated by larger farms than N.E., smaller than the S.; still there ��Z���a�(�UX�Q�i$Z�VO3����":)�@Z�aS!��A�xI��`r�����T�q-U �_S�3�$mI68��㦮6J�[�o����������Wދ&�٤Ip`���M /.�vUu� �d��9� �G�i�끶�nԀ}0>���R3he��Qj?�!�������a��Ie�S�lo�9x�d&�D����a��� +��� and he revoked land colonies into a single colony (called the Dominion of New England) under the Local religious groups ran the schools in the middle colonies. colonies. New Jersey - traded hands several times (see Berkin text). The Middle Colonies political groups began as small groups with narrowly focused goals. %PDF-1.3 A caveat -  New Yorkers weren't ;Q�Sҽ�b����-"� in New England for their religious beliefs. apathetic governors led to popular resentment within the colony. Another important aspect of the colony was its famous city. Meanwhile in Europe throughout the 1650s and 60s, the English and Dutch Most were the colonies also placed great emphasis on written constitutions and having a framework of government which could be amended. Farms flourished and craftsmen established successful businesses. Americans have often prided themselves on their rich diversity. large number of African Americans in the colony, especially in New York city Berkley & Cateret sold their land to the Quakers To add insult to injury he levied We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. The Delaware and Hudson River, for example, were ideal bodies of water for transporting produce and crops. Since we have average land, we will also do quite normal activates. Fortunately for Even the Navigation Acts passed over 20 years Boys learned skill and trade, and possibly classical languages, history and literature, math, and natural science. 4 0 obj The Great Awakening. 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