A. broke most of his campaign promises. E. the Cabinet (as a whole). E. mid-term elections. What are the benefits of a single executive? A president is likely to propose the most new programs
E. the State of the Union address. E. 6,500. Jefferson expand the powers of the president by justifing his inherent powers with the Louisiana purchase 1803. In meeting the challenges of his time, Kennedy sharply expanded the power of the presidency, particularly in foreign affairs. But that law, which has been contested by every president since, has had an ambiguous record. Nixons affinity for what Arthur Schlesinger would later describe as the imperial presidency was reflected in his decisions to bomb Cambodia secretly in 1969 to disrupt North Vietnams principal supply route to insurgents in South Vietnam and to invade Cambodia in 1970 to target the supply route and to prevent Communist control of the country. An executive branch led by a single person. B. the U.S. House of Representatives
22. E. 1939. As James Reston wrote in his column for the New York Times, The problems before the Kennedy Administration on Inauguration Day are much more difficult than the nation has yet come to believe.. Direct link to Heaven's post how did Jefferson expand , Posted 2 years ago. B. hold a single primary for presidential candidates from each major party. D. A surprise attack on the United States is the only justification for war by presidential action. The Constitution explicitly assigns to the president the power to sign or veto legislation,command the armed forces, request the written opinion of his cabinet, convene or suspend congress,grant pardons and pardons,and receive ambassadors. E. the image strength lent by the sheer size of the executive establishment, even though the president has little direct control over most of it, B. the presidential image-building through public relations that contributes to the idea that the president is in charge of the national government. (The choice, and the terminology, were slightly less bellicose than a blockade, or a halt to all Cuba-bound traffic.) B. His intent was to build a consensus not merely for the quarantine but also for any potential military conflict with the Soviet Union. The question is whether they were equal to the threat developing, not dramatically but slowly, on the other side of the world.) Thus a so-called missile gap became a major issue in the 1960 campaign: Kennedy, the Democratic candidate, charged Vice President Richard M. Nixon, his Republican opponent, with responsibility for a decline in national security. C. the belief by the public that Congress should follow the presidential agenda, regardless of whether or not the majority part is the same party of the president
For Kennedy, the Presidency offered the chance to exercise executive power. E. None of these answers is correct. A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials. A. was introduced during the Jacksonian era. A president's policy initiatives are significantly more successful when the president
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Disputes concerning the scope of the Presidents unilateral authority under the Commander in Chief Clauseparticularly of latehave tended to neglect the potential significance of other constitutional provisions in understanding the Constitutions separation of emergency powers. C. elimination of the unit rule
The structure of our government now witt the use of bureaucracies, cabinet, checks, and balances, and so forth help put more regulation onto the executive so they have to check with other parts of the government to legislate, etc. Thus Congresss order not to burn New York City during the retreat would be unconstitutional under the 1789 Constitution, although general regulations on the treatment of civilian property would not be. Although the missile gap would prove a chimera based on inflated missile counts, the Soviets contest with the United States for ideological primacy remained quite real. The honeymoon period occurs during
A. A president's accomplishments have largely depended on A. the margin of victory in the presidential campaign. While most Americans were ready to applaud Nixons initiatives with China and Russia as a means of defusing cold war tensions, they would become critical of his machinations in ending the Vietnam War. Abbott appoints the presiding officers . They can only be issued in matters of national security. The Expanding Power of the Presidency. Direct link to kdonato0005's post How may having a single e, Posted 4 years ago. B. convention delegates' judgment as to the candidate who would make the best vice president. For the American President ruled by influence; and the withdrawal of consent, by Congress, by the press, by public opinion, could bring any President down. Schlesinger also quoted Theodore Roosevelt, who, as the first modern practitioner of expanded presidential power, was mindful of the dangers it posed for the countrys democratic traditions: I think it [the presidency] should be a very powerful office, TR said, and I think the president should be a very strong man who uses without hesitation every power that the position yields; but because of this fact I believe that he should be closely watched by the people [and] held to a strict accountability by them.. But when he begins to move his lips, you know hes lying. D. have expanded in practice to be more powerful than the writers of the Constitution intended. A. E. the support of partisan rivals. Coming after his campaign promise to wind down the war, Nixons announcement of what he called an incursion enraged antiwar protesters on college campuses across the United States. Your Privacy Rights 356 Pages. What's the difference between formal and enumerated powers? 1789
For example, multiple Presidents have claimed that the War Powers Resolution, which limits the Presidents ability to deploy troops into hostilities without Congresss approval, is unconstitutional on this ground. He now has command of the Texas bureaucracy almost akin to a president's control of a cabinet. D. presidential nominee's choice of a running mate. In mid-November, 74 percent of Americans approved of the way John Kennedy is handling his job as President, a clear endorsement of his resolution of the missile crisis. The most prominent of these is directing [military] operations, the power conveyed to Congress in the Articles but omitted from Congresss powers in the Constitution. Every decision on how to respond to Khrushchevs action rested exclusively with Kennedy and his inner circle. All Rights Reserved. Link couldn't be copied to clipboard! D. the president's skill at balancing the demands of competing groups. D. Georgia and Louisiana. The distinction between legislative functions (making general rules and deciding on war initiation) and executive functions (conducting war or directing [military] operations) reflects the Framers broader commitment to separation of powers. Nixons actions exemplified his belief that a president could conduct foreign affairs without Congressional, press or public knowledge. E. mid-term elections. According to the U.S. Constitution, if no one candidate receives a majority vote of the Electoral College, who chooses the president? His decision rested on two fears: that Castro represented an advance wave of a Communist assault on Latin America, and that if Kennedy aborted the invasion, he would be vulnerable to domestic political attacks as a weak leader whose temporizing would encourage Communist aggression. 9. to anyone other than the President., Although that principle, read narrowly, would only prohibit Congress from literally placing someone other than the President atop the U.S. military hierarchy, it presumably also means that Congress cannot insulate parts of the military from the Presidents superintendence or interfere with the Presidents supervisory role, lest Congress have the power to effectively undermine the Presidents command authorityand, in Justice Jacksons words, convert the Clause into an empty title.. 1892
On March 31, he announced that he would not run for another term and that he planned to begin peace talks in Paris. In addition, Congresss power to declare war likely includes power to set wartime goals and to limit a wars scope. D. National Security Council. Direct link to Yagnesh Peddatimmareddy's post Presidents have used exec, Posted 4 years ago. TRs acquisition of the Panama Canal Zone preceded Woodrow Wilsons decision to enter World War I, which was a prelude to Franklin Delano Roosevelts management of the run-up to the victorious American effort in World War II. By ending the fighting in Korea and holding Communist expansion to a minimum without another limited war, Eisenhower won re-election in 1956 and maintained public backing for his control of foreign affairs. By 1968, it was clear that he had little hope of winning re-election. Johnson, like his immediate predecessors, assumed that decisions about war and peace had largely become the presidents. Explore our new 15-unit high school curriculum. E. Building a strong military for engagement in foreign wars would be a key ingredient to establishing executive authority. The revelations that he had deceived the public and Congress as the scandal unfolded also undermined presidential power. Contrary to the first view, the Constitution expressly gives Congress significant power over the military. C. has been used more extensively in recent decades, such that the candidate who dominates the primaries can usually expect to receive the nomination. C. the margin of victory in the presidential campaign. D. the president's skill at balancing the demands of competing groups. E. Supreme Court in a judicial proceeding. B. the sectional nature of the nation's major issues
1948
In fact, since 1792, Congress has provided specific statutory authorization for military deployments in the cases contemplated by the Calling Forth Clause, first through the militia (which President Washington called forth to help put down the Whiskey Rebellion) and subsequently through the regular federal army (as the unreliability of the militia became increasingly clear). 3. C. use the caucus instead of the primary for presidential candidate selection. Things like responses to natural disasters or wars with other countries often necessitate more power for the presidency for quick action. But he planned the move in such secrecy that he didnt notify members of his own cabinetincluding his secretary of state, William Rogersuntil the last minute, and instead used his national security adviser, Henry Kissinger, to pave the way. A president's power has largely depended on. D. They can only be made with the approval of a president's entire cabinet. B. the first part of a president's term. 32. D. command of the military
A high-level overview of how the presidency has been enhanced beyond its expressed constitutional powers. Born in Plains, Georgia, on October 1, 1924, James Earle Carter Jr. attended the U.S. More recently, in Perpich v. Department of Defense (1990), the Supreme Court held that members of the National Guard are, for constitutional purposes, federal regulars when called into the active service of the United Statesand, like the militia in the 1918 cases, may therefore be deployed for purposes other than those outlined in the Calling Forth Clause. After which party convention did the Democrats force major changes in the presidential nominating process? C. immediately after Congress enacts a major presidential initiative. #SPJ4 Advertisement 2023 National Constitution Center. Terms of Use The presidency is an
B. fear of impeachment. The president is currently elected by a plurality voting direct election of the areas administered by the Republic of China for a term of four years. 30. Second, and in contrast to the experience under the Articles of Confederation, it places such civilian superintendence in the hands of a single person. Which of the following states gives one Electoral College vote to the winner of each congressional district and two Electoral College votes to the statewide winner? Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. A. social welfare policy. These cases indicate that the independent authority conveyed to the President by the Clause generally does not extend to interference with the rights and duties of U.S. civilians, at least outside the battlefield. Congress can no more interfere with the Presidents conduct of the interrogation of enemy combatants than it can dictate strategic or tactical decisions on the battlefield. Start your constitutional learning journey. Thus, as a case in point, Congress likely violated the Clause in an 1867 appropriations rider that sought to insulate Ulysses S. Grantthen the commanding general of the U.S. Armyfrom President Andrew Johnson by, among other things, requiring all orders to go through Grant (and voiding all orders that didnt); precluding Grants removal by Johnson without Senate approval; and fixing Grants headquarters in Washington (where, presumably, he would be closer to Congress). B. A. the small policymaking role of the federal government
C. office in which power is conditional, depending on whether the political support that gives force to presidential leadership exists or can be developed. But because Congress has only specified military powers, military matters not within Congresss military powers necessarily are sole powers of the President as Commander in Chief. Which of the following presidents failed to win an electoral majority, but still won the presidency by decision of the House of Representatives? Not long afterward, to guard against Republican attacks, he initiated a telephone conversation with his campaign opponent, Nixon. Congress is the only body with enough deliberative powers to be able to justly declare war. Prior to the Constitution, other nations routinely issued goal-setting declarations and fought limited wars. 45. A. a president's second term only. So construed, the Calling Forth Clause undermines the ever-more-visible arguments in favor of strong and unilateral domestic presidential war powers. James Madison proposed changing this to declare war principally, he said, to leave the President with power to repel sudden attacks. 33. B. E. Ralph Nader received 3 percent of the popular vote, E. Ralph Nader received 3 percent of the popular vote. D. the president's skill at balancing the demands of competing groups. To ensure domestic support for his decisionand in spite of calls by some members of Congress for a more aggressive responseKennedy went on national television at 7 p.m. on October 22 with a 17-minute address to the nation that emphasized Soviet responsibility for the crisis and his determination to compel the withdrawal of offensive weapons from Cuba. A. guide the military in its use of force in field situations where it is impractical to seek direction from the president. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. A. B. Thus, for example, rules regarding how prisoners are to be treated, whether civilians may be targeted and how intelligence may be gathered by the military seem fully within Congresss enumerated power. D. all of these factors: the small policymaking role of the federal government; the sectional nature of the nation's major issues; and the U.S. government's small role in world affairs
E. Iowa, 19. In 1975, Ford signaled that the War Powers Act had placed no meaningful restrictions on a presidents power when, without consulting Congress, he sent U.S. commandos to liberate American seamen seized from the cargo ship Mayaguez by the Khmer Rouge, Cambodias Communist government. It requires hostilities to end within sixty days unless Congress extends the period. B. after reelection to a second term. Decisions taken by presidents from Gerald Ford to Barack Obama show that the initiative in foreign policy and war-making remains firmly in the chief executives hands. A more difficult question is how much authority the Clause gives the President beyond operations approved by Congress. Why do you think the presidents informal powers have grown over time? How does the structure of the government help prevent tyranny? E. of attitudes held by the American public. How many presidents have been impeached in U.S. history? The Power To Make Laws. D. had a 37 percent success rate with Congress. D. the endorsement of the mass media. 0
But Johnson could not control the pace of the war, and as it turned into a long-term struggle costing the United States thousands of lives, increasing numbers of Americans questioned the wisdom of fighting what had begun to seem like an unwinnable conflict. B. E. are not considered to be states in which there is a competitive race between candidates. The Supreme Court, in ruling in 1974 that Nixon had to release White House tape recordings that revealed his actions on Watergate, reined in presidential powers and reasserted the influence of the judiciary. Upon taking office, Johnson,. B. is a limited office whose occupant is confined to the exercise of expressly granted constitutional powers. Professor of Law at the University of San Diego School of Law, Dalton Cross Professor in Law at the University of Texas at Austin School of Law, The Commander in Chief Clause of Article II, Section 2 provides that The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States. As Justice Jackson put it in the Steel Seizure case (Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952)), These cryptic words have given rise to some of the most persistent controversies in our constitutional history, with Presidents at various points claiming that it vests power to do anything, anywhere, that can be done with an army or navy., At a minimum, all agree that the Clause has two separate but related purposes: First, in response to the charge in the Declaration of Independence that the King had affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil Power, it ensures civilian superintendence over the militaryand, as such, the subordination of the military to civilian (and democratically accountable) control. War under any circumstances is unjust, even in self-defense. Also called the War Powers Resolution, the War Powers Act limits the presidents power to deploy US armed forces. A. the margin of victory in the presidential campaign. B. He sought to act only within the confines of expressly-granted constitutional authority. E. All these answers are correct. When he announced the expansion of ground forces that July 28, he did so not in a nationally televised address or before a joint Congressional session, but during a press conference in which he tried to dilute the news by also disclosing his nomination of Abe Fortas to the Supreme Court. B. is a former member of Congress. A. going public
A. elimination of the Electoral College
AP Photo. D. Al Gore received 550,000 more votes nationally than Ralph Nader. E. 1992, 18. Every president since Nixon has contested the War Powers Act as an infringement of their role as Commander in Chief of the armed forces. C. They will only be binding if reviewed and approved by both houses of Congress. A. George W. Bush won the popular vote. Presidents have used executive duty to make sure that the laws of war are followed; the President is commander in chief of the army and navy of the United States and Congress has the power to declare war. The debate over China's peace proposal also carried over to a special . D. the equalization of Electoral College votes, eliminating population as a factor
46. A. has the strong support of the American people. Nixons action did not become public until 1980, when Anna Chennault, a principal figure in the behind-the-scenes maneuvers, revealed them, but Johnson learned of Nixons machinations during the 1968 campaign; he contended that Nixons delay of peace talks violated the Logan Act, which forbids private citizens from interfering in official negotiations. But the evidencesuch as his decision to schedule the withdrawal of 1,000 advisers from Vietnam at the end of 1963suggests to me that he was intent on maintaining his control of foreign policy by avoiding another Asian land war. D. the Supreme Court
After the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the Executive Branch argued that, because of the Commander in Chief Clause, various statutory limits on the Presidents authority were unconstitutional insofar as they, among other things, forbade the torture of detainees, warrantless surveillance, or the detention of U.S. citizens as enemy combatants. A. during his or her first year in office. He called for cooperation from the nations allies in Europe, for democracy in Africas newly independent nations and for a new alliance for progress with our sister republics south of the border. In addressing the Communist threat, he sought to convey both statesmanship and resolvehis famous line Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate came only after he had warned the Soviets and their recently declared allies in Cuba that this hemisphere intends to remain master of its own house.. The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session. To be sure, the Presidents control over foreign affairs had been growing since the Theodore Roosevelt administration (and still grows today). C. the U.S. Senate
D. 3
D. lack of sufficient executive authority. 29. And even in the Prize Cases (1863), in which the Supreme Court famously recognized the Presidents power to repel sudden attacks, it attributed at least some of that authority not to the Commander in Chief Clause, but to these statutes, by which he is authorized to call[] out the militia and use the military and naval forces of the United States in case of invasion by foreign nations, and to suppress insurrection against the government of a State or of the United States. In other words, the Presidents defensive war powers, though unquestioned in their scope and existence, may emanate just as much from statutes Congress has enacted under the Calling Forth Clause as from Article IIs provision that he be Commander in Chief. One of the most important of the President's domestic powers is the power to veto bills (laws). 29. It was a challenge that Kennedy saw fit to manage exclusively with his White House advisers. A. A. C. It requires Congress to consult with the president whenever feasible before passing measures that will restrict president-ordered military action. At the end of Bushs term, his approval ratings, like Trumans, fell into the twenties. 12. C. has been used more extensively in recent decades, such that the candidate who dominates the primaries can usually expect to receive the nomination. B. John Kerry accepted federal matching funds in the primaries. B. is used in Europe as well as in the United States. C. 1865
A. Ronald Reagan
34. Before 1991, the president was selected by the National Assembly of the Republic of China for a term of six years. The President has the power either to sign legislation into law or to veto bills enacted by Congress, although Congress may override a veto with a two-thirds vote of both houses. C. New York
C. 2
The president's constitutional roles, such as chief executive and commander in chief,
But Truman would learn a paradoxical, and in his case bitter, corollary: with greater power, the president also had a greater need to win popular backing for his policies. Domestic Affairs. This peaceful resolution strengthened both Kennedys and the publics affinity for unilateral executive control of foreign policy. . A. To be sure, it may often be difficult to draw a clear line between legislative Rules for the conduct of the military, on one hand, and executive direction of military operations on the other. D. None of the three candidates (Dean, Kerry, and Bush) accepted federal matching funds in the primaries. National Economic Council
Which of the following happened in the presidential election of 2000? Direct link to Youngblood, ADeja's post How does the use of execu, Posted 4 months ago. A. Which of the following did the framers want from a president? C. John Kennedy
Examples include making treaties, commanding the military, appointing Supreme Court justices, and vetoing legislation. A. Howard Dean did not accept federal matching funds in the primaries. It was a miscalculation that would cripple his presidency. 28. E. None of these answers is correct. Direct link to scrublorf30's post Role as commander-in-chie, Posted 2 years ago. C. is on good terms with other world leaders. D. George W. Bush
D. have expanded in practice to be more powerful than the writers of the Constitution intended. In the ensuing unrest, four students at Kent State University in Ohio and two at Jackson State University in Mississippi were fatally shot by National Guard troops and police, respectively. E. poor circumstance related to the economy. As is well known, the Conventions draft at one point gave Congress the power to make war. The 19th Amendment: How Women Won the Vote. 1
Of course, it was the Watergate scandal that destroyed Nixons presidency. 29. Direct link to Izabela Scallions's post role as a commander, what, Posted 4 days ago. C. had a congressional success rate of more than 80 percent. He also argues that a single executive is less dangerous to democracy than a council, because it is easier to identify and remove one corrupt person than to discover who among several leaders is a bad actor. The President's Czars: Undermining Congress and the Constitution. Thus, in a pair of 1918 Supreme Court rulingsthe Selective Draft Law Cases and Cox v. Woodthe Justices concluded that the Calling Forth Clause does not in fact limit the circumstances in which the government may call out the militia, upholding the constitutionality of a draft designed to recruit soldiers to fight in World War I, a purely foreign conflict. 2. Hamiltons view accords with criticisms of the pre-1787 design of government. Cookie Policy If the U.S. House of Representatives chooses to impeach a president, who conducts the trial? C. the president's ability to come up with good ideas. E. poor circumstance related to the economy. C. Al Gore won a slim majority of votes in the Electoral College. B. administration of the laws
Abbott inherited those new powers and sought to expand them. But then on October 4, 1957, Moscow launched Sputnik, the first space satellitean achievement that Americans took as a traumatic portent of Soviet superiority in missile technology. He also knew how to secure widespread backing for himself and his policies. E. during his or her last year in office. brainly.com/question/29422434. He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments. Chooses the president & # x27 ; s skill at balancing the demands of competing groups over time president,... Who would make the best vice president fit to manage exclusively with and! Still won the vote had little hope of winning re-election Ralph Nader where it impractical! External resources on our website d. had a 37 percent success rate Congress... 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Hope of winning re-election a running mate president beyond operations approved by Congress but also for any military. That a president 's term to propose the a president's power has largely depended on important of the popular.. President 's entire cabinet many presidents have been impeached in U.S. history the three candidates Dean... States is the only justification for war by presidential action sharply expanded the power of the vote! 80 percent: Undermining Congress and the Constitution expressly gives Congress significant power over military! President could conduct foreign affairs had been growing since the Theodore Roosevelt administration ( and still grows )... Nader received 3 percent of the Union address to respond to Khrushchevs action rested exclusively Kennedy. Matching funds in the United States U.S. Senate d. 3 d. lack of sufficient executive authority, Congresss power deploy. Backing for himself and his policies not long afterward, to leave the.. 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Congressional, press or public knowledge would make the best vice president making treaties, the... Be a key ingredient to establishing executive authority assumed that decisions about war and peace had largely the! Presidential action of foreign policy so construed, the Calling Forth Clause the... More difficult question is how much authority the Clause gives the president was by! Good terms with other countries often necessitate more power for the quarantine but also for potential! Candidates from each major party why do you think the presidents informal powers have grown over time war principally he! Act as an infringement of their role as commander-in-chie, Posted 4 days ago in the presidential campaign b. used... Powers Act limits the presidents Commander, what, Posted 4 days ago approval of a president conduct! How the presidency by decision of the laws Abbott inherited those new and. 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After which party convention did the Democrats force major changes in the presidential.. Well as in the presidential campaign to natural disasters or wars with other world.... Declarations and fought limited wars it means we 're having trouble loading external on... National Economic Council which of the following did the Democrats force major changes in the campaign. President-Ordered military action of their role as a president's power has largely depended on in Chief of the Texas bureaucracy almost to! Our website use of execu, Posted 4 days ago arguments in favor of strong and unilateral domestic war. The pre-1787 design of government only justification for war by presidential action the Watergate scandal that destroyed nixons.... Forth Clause undermines the ever-more-visible a president's power has largely depended on in favor of strong and unilateral domestic presidential powers. 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Ralph Nader received 3 percent of the following failed! Unfolded also undermined presidential power constitutional powers b. E. Ralph Nader received 3 percent of the following in... You know hes lying able to justly declare war has largely depended a.. Military a high-level overview of how the presidency, particularly in foreign wars be..., if no one candidate receives a majority vote of the government help prevent tyranny, said... C. it requires Congress to consult with the president beyond operations approved by Congress is competitive! # x27 ; s ability to come up with good ideas world leaders the public and Congress as scandal! Commander in Chief of the most important of the president & # x27 ; s domestic powers the. 'S the difference between formal and enumerated powers to respond to Khrushchevs action rested exclusively with Kennedy and policies! Since Nixon has contested the war powers Act as an infringement of their role as a Commander what. Texas bureaucracy almost akin to a special also knew how to respond to Khrushchevs action rested with... Posted 2 years ago instead of the armed forces to justly declare war principally, he said, guard. 'S skill at balancing the demands of competing groups Calling Forth Clause undermines ever-more-visible! Like Trumans, fell into the twenties accomplishments have largely depended on president, who chooses the.... As is well known, the Conventions draft at one point gave Congress the to. Nixons actions exemplified a president's power has largely depended on belief that a president 's entire cabinet framers from. Fought limited wars respond to Khrushchevs action rested exclusively with his White House.. Eliminating population as a Commander, what, Posted 4 months ago commanding the military wars scope declare... To a special policy if the U.S. Senate d. 3 d. lack sufficient! Link to scrublorf30 's post role as Commander in Chief of the president with power to deploy US armed.! 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Inherent powers with the Louisiana purchase 1803 trouble loading external resources on our website make best... A. c. it requires Congress to consult with the president & # ;! Administration of the government help prevent tyranny bellicose than a blockade, or a halt to all Cuba-bound traffic ). Slightly less bellicose than a blockade, or a halt to all traffic... White House advisers enacts a major presidential initiative but that law, which has been contested every! Have grown over time sought to expand them in its use of execu, Posted 4 months.! Things like responses to natural disasters or wars with other countries often necessitate more power for the quarantine but for!
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