People-first language is not preferred by all people with disabilities. The word condition is often a good substitute that avoids judgement. For us, this really emphasizes the fact that no two people are the same either with regard to disabilities or language preferences. Background: The Center for Inclusive Design defines Plain English as a direct style of writing for people who can read at a reasonable level. It is interchangeably referred to as Tourette syndrome, Tourettes syndrome and Tourettes disorder. However, prominent mental health organizations such as the Mayo Clinic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Tourette Syndrome Association, refer to it as Tourette syndrome.. Conforms to AP style, which adds that in describing groups of people, or when individual preferences cannot be determined, use person-first language. For example, millions of Americans are hard of hearing but most do not use sign language and many do not use hearing aids. Avoid use of Seeing Eye dog as Seeing Eye is a registered trademark of The Seeing Eye school in Morristown, N.J. Be aware that licensure and/or certification of service animals is a contentious issue in the disability community, so it may be best to refer to the federal definition. The federal definition of a service animal applies to any guide dog, signal dog or other animal trained to do work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability. This may include animals that guide individuals with impacted vision, alert individuals with impacted hearing to intruders or sounds, provide minimal protection or rescue work, pull a wheelchair or fetch dropped items. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. In short, impairment refers to the condition of an organ or structure of the body; disability means that a person has a functional limitation due to an impairment. However, AP advises against the latter formulation. NCDJ Recommendation: The term non-disabled and the phrases does not have a disability or is not living with a disability are more neutral choices. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. Background: The University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living describes this as a specific congenital disability involving the lip and gum. AP style: Not addressed, although AP does not use the abbreviation MD. Background: A language researcher introduced the term audism in 1975, according to Britannica, which defines it as people who continually judge deaf peoples intelligence and success on the basis of their ability in the language of the hearing culture. It also appears when deaf people themselves actively participate in the oppression of other deaf people by demanding of them the same set of standards, behavior, and values that they demand of hearing people. The term reemerged in the 1990s and is generally accepted today. AP style: Disabled is described as a general term for a physical, mental, developmental or intellectual disability. Chronic illnesses such as Parkinsons disease, diabetes, lupus or Crohns disease may fall into the category of invisible disabilities. Seizures can happen after a stroke, a closed head injury, an infection such as meningitis or another illness. If Full Deaf, call them Deaf. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but AP refers to paraplegia in its general disability entry. Background: This term came into vogue in the 1990s as an alternative to disabled, handicapped or mentally retarded. Currently, it is not considered appropriate (and for many, never was). NCDJ Recommendation: Use nonspeaking unless the individual indicates another preference. Avoid the terms vertically challenged and midget., AP style: Dwarf is the preferred term for people with a medical or genetic condition resulting in short stature. Midget is considered offensive. Some people with ADHD prefer to say they have the condition; others prefer to say they are ADHD. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the person with a disability how they prefer to be described; if thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. For example, the National Center on Deaf-Blindness retains the hyphen. NCDJ Recommendation: Hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. Background: The term special needs was popularized in the U.S. in the early 20th century during a push for special needs education to serve people with all kinds of disabilities. Twice-exceptional students represent a unique group of learners with diverse programming and emotional needs due to the fact that they may have both gifts and disabilities.. AAC may be used on second reference. Background: Dwarfism is a medical or genetic condition that results in a stature below 410, according to Little People of America. Background: The Oxford English dictionary defines an invalid as a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury. It is probably the oldest term for someone with physical conditions that are considered seriously limiting. Use lower case unless referring to the Great Depression. For example: He has muscular dystrophy, and avoiding characterizing those conditions as afflictions. Use a person with dementia or a person with dementia rather than demented or senile. When possible, reference the specific disease, such as someone with Huntingtons disease. When referencing Huntingtons disease or Parkinsons disease, use the full term rather than shortening to Huntingtons or Parkinsons.. Those with dysarthria often slur or drag their words when they try to pronounce them. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having bipolar disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Many people in the Deaf community prefer the use of a lowercase d to refer to audiological status and the use of a capital D when referring to the culture and community of Deaf people. A note about person-first language. NCDJ Recommendation: The words abnormal or abnormality might be acceptable when describing scientific phenomena, such as abnormalities in brain function. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, post-polio syndrome is a condition that affects some persons who have had poliomyelitis (polio) long after recovery from the disease. Amy Silverman, NCDJ advisory board member. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Even in the case of a direct quote, consider how offensive the term is and include the historical context if possible. en abril 28, 2022 abril 28, 2022 moaning minnie synonym. NCDJ Recommendation: Specify American Sign Language on first reference, capitalizing all three words. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using lame or lamebrain to describe a person except in a quote. National Institute of Neurological Disorders. People with these conditions often are referred to as quadriplegics and paraplegics, but these terms are considered offensive by some. NCDJ Recommendation: Terms such as battle and survivor are still widely accepted and understood, but the user should be aware that they could offend some people. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with cerebral palsy, followed by a short explanation of what the condition entails. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, the word addiction is acceptable for uncontrollable, compulsive use of substances as well as acts such as gambling, sex, working, etc., in the face of negative health and social consequences. Because of perceived stigma, some people are calling for an end to the use of the term mental illness, suggesting instead a person diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder or a person with a mental health history. Some advocates suggest using the term mental health experience. However, the term mental illness still is widely used within the medical and psychiatric professions. However, its use is relatively rare and not generally accepted. Background: The terms mentally retarded, retard and mental retardation were once common terms that are now considered outdated and offensive. Writing about disability is complicated and requires sensitivity a must for any form of journalism that involves people. Background: Paraplegia is defined as the loss of movement in the lower extremities and torso. The appropriateness of the terms is disputed by those within and outside of the organization. People may refer to themselves as limb different or as being part of a limb different community or as having an upper or lower body limb difference. It helps people who want to read and understand information quickly. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if you are confident the person has been medically diagnosed with the condition. People with psychosis are described as psychotic. Some organizations suggest avoiding the terms demented, dementing, dements, senile or senility to refer to someone with dementia. For example, They found the election results depressing.. There are four types of spina bifida. When possible, ask sources how they would like to be described. Some people prefer person with diabetes rather than a diabetic.. AA is unaffiliated with any outside organizations or institutions and does not endorse, finance or oppose any causes. NCDJ Recommendation: Consider using speech disability instead of impediment, disorder or impairment.. However, symptoms vary across the spectrum. It is important to understand that many people do not consider being deaf or having hearing loss as a disability. Jon Henner, an assistant professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, who is Deaf, describes himself as a crip linguist., While some activists have embraced the word, adopting hashtags such as #criplit and #cripthevote, others are very much against its use. Some provide emotional therapy as well as medication management. Insane/insanity/mentally deranged/psychopathology, American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Dwarf, little person/people/midget/short stature, Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. People with OCD usually exhibit both obsessions and compulsions but sometimes exhibit only one or the other. NCDJ Recommendation: The term may not be understood by all, so an explanation may be required. As youll see below, high functioning and low functioning are considered offensive. I am Hard of Hearing (HoH), When writing about it, specify that major disability organizations do not recognize facilitated communication as a valid communication technique. People with disabilities often complain, and rightly so, that their disability is mentioned even when the story has nothing to do with their disability. It is the preferred terminology in Great Britain and by a number of U.S. disability activists. Ear infections can do the same. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use these words, particularly when reporting on mental illness, unless they are part of a quote that is essential to the story. Do not use OCD as an adjective for someone who obsesses over certain things but has not been formally diagnosed with the disorder. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using cripple as either a noun or verb unless you are describing the crip movement or if its in a direct quote. NCDJ recommendation: Do not apply the term invisible disability to people without asking what they prefer. People with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with disabilities experience. Many dislike the terms because hearing impaired describes a person in terms of a deficiency or what they cannot do. Consider using people-first language, as in a person with an intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person. As always, ask the person which terms they prefer. In the first case, we suggest the answer is no. The fact that someone uses a wheelchair does not make the airplane noise any more or less irritating. Gradual blood vessel damage: High blood pressure and high blood sugar cause damage over time. Dementia is not a specific illness; it refers to a wide range of symptoms. NCDJ Recommendation: When referring to a cochlear implant, avoid describing it as a corrective device or one that would restore a deaf person to mainstream society. See Dwarf, little person/people/midget/short stature. Thats OK. You may end up using a derogatory term in a direct quote, but be certain that its fundamental to the story. Background: Amputation refers to the removal of a bodily extremity, usually during a surgical operation, for a variety of reasons, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.People who have undergone an amputation are commonly referred to as amputees, but the term may be offensive and often is not used correctly. For example: He has muscular dystrophy., Conforms to AP style that suggests avoiding descriptions that connote pity., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic, albinism typically refers to oculocutaneous (ok-u-low-ku-TAY-nee-us) albinism (OCA) a group of inherited disorders that results in little or no production of the pigment melanin. The association recommends using people-first language to describe mental illness in order to avoid defining people by their disability. AP style: The style book suggests using the term survivor with care because it can be imprecise, among other reasons. A nonverbal person would theoretically communicate with the help of a facilitator by typing on a keyboard, pointing to an image, or pointing to letters on an alphabet board. Avoid using the word shrink in reference to a mental health professional except in a quote. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having depression only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Signs of albinism are usually apparent in a persons skin, hair and eye color, but sometimes differences are slight. Noisy environments make understanding even harder No matter where you find yourself, untreated hearing loss can make understanding speech difficult. They are frequently used by nonspeaking individuals and those with limited vocabulary to aid or replace oral speech. Examples of developmental disabilities include autism spectrum disorder, spina bifida, cerebral palsy and intellectual disabilities. These personalities, medically known as alters, can exhibit different speech patterns, mannerisms, attitudes, thoughts, gender identities and even physical characteristics. The terms intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, cognitive disability and intellectual disability are acceptable when used in a people-first context to describe someone with Down syndrome, such as the person has a developmental disability. However, it is more accurate to refer specifically to Down syndrome when that is the medically diagnosed condition. Others prefer it to disabled because dis means not, which means that disabled means not able. But particularly when it comes to referring to individuals, differently abled is problematic. Background: There are a number of types of mental health professionals. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Americans with Disabilities Act on first reference; ADA is acceptable on second reference. AP style: Included in its Disabled/Handicapped entry, the stylebook describes blind as a person with complete loss of sight and suggests using the terms visually impaired or person with low vision for those who have some sight. Similarly, ask whether the person prefers identity-first or people-first language. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term freak to describe a person with a disability as it is derogatory. An Italian version of the guide is available here. Keep in mind that it may not be relevant to include in a story how an individual communicates as long as the communication is clear. A minimally conscious state is one in which a patient has some awareness of self and/or the environment. AP style: Not addressed except in terms of abbreviation: AA is acceptable on second reference. There is debate over how relevant IQ tests should be in making a diagnosis. Otherwise, hard of hearing is almost always acceptable. See Autism In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association folded Aspergers syndrome into one umbrella diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Even with the caveat that this does not apply to all, we have heard from many people with disabilities who take issue with that advice. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using invalid to describe a person with a disability except in a direct quote. Heart attack: Heart attacks cause pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath, which can result in slurred speech. Symptoms include restlessness, difficulty in focusing or staying organized and impulsivity. If someone has any degree of hearing loss which is below what it should be, then their hearing is technically impaired. However, some readers object to trigger warnings and view them as patronizing and stifling to academic freedom. The disorder was originally named for French neurologist Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first described the condition in 1885, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. But what is relevant is not always clear. Causes of hearing loss include: Damage to the inner ear. But note that there is no universal agreement on the use of these terms not even close. AP Style: The style book suggests a content warning at the top of stories when the subject matter may be considered offensive or disturbing, but the story does not contain quoted profanity, obscenities or vulgarities. Historically it was called mongoloidism, and people with it were called Mongoloids; this is now considered offensive. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. The temporary effect of too much alcohol is caused by the toxins interaction on neurons in the brain, mainly in the Avoid using hearing impaired or partial or partially in reference to deafness or hearing loss unless people use those terms for themselves. Do not say the person had a fit or had an epileptic fit.. The medical profession favors use of the terms mental disorder or psychopathology. In U.S. criminal law, insanity is a legal question, not a medical one. Background: These words were once commonly used to describe people with mental illness but are now considered offensive. Background: Mental illness is an umbrella term for many different conditions that affect how individuals act, think, feel or perceive the world.. AA members do not pay dues or fees; rather, it is supported through contributions. Background: A chronic illness is defined by the National Health Council as a health condition lasting three months or longer and includes conditions such as cancer or heart disease. The Genome Research Institute offers comprehensive information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent topics. In some cases, the word typical can be used to describe a non-disabled condition, although be aware that some in the disability community object to its use. Limited vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind, Low vision: Acceptable when a person is not legally or completely blind. Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with Tourette syndrome or a person diagnosed with Tourette syndrome. Avoid the acronym TS, as it is not widely known. Slurring your words can be commonly caused by exhaustion or alcohol consumption. Slow speech. Do not assume that a person who has had a seizure has epilepsy. Background: Quadriplegia is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. However, whenever possible, ask the individual which term they prefer. Healthyplace.com has a good discussion of the differences. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but the style book refers to mental health professional in an entry on mental illness. Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with schizophrenia or a person diagnosed with schizophrenia rather than a schizophrenic or a schizophrenic person. Do not use the word schizophrenic colloquially as a synonym for something inconsistent or contradictory. NCDJ Recommendation: Treatment is an acceptable term for medical interventions, and treatment center is acceptable for the establishment in which such practices take place. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of diagnoses that are cause for concern, including: Multiple Sclerosis Brain Tumors Lyme Disease Head Injury Cerebral Palsy Stroke The term midget was used in the past to describe an unusually short and proportionate person. NCDJ Recommendation: While it is usually acceptable to use these terms, keep in mind that disability and people who have disabilities are not monolithic. Plain English looks and sounds like standard forms of writing. Another version, Easy English, aims at a lower reading level with short sentences often accompanied by pictures. Refrain from using the term trigger warning in a flip or casual way. It is not caused by problems in the muscles or nerves but by differences in parts of the brain that control muscle movement. The American Psychiatric Association discourages using derogatory language such as the term junkie to refer to someone who misuses drugs. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Difficulty with speech, including slurred The term dyslexic is used by some organizations as a noun and as an adjective in a non-pejorative way; however, using the word as a noun (describing a person as a dyslexic) appears to be falling out of use. AP style: Recently updated to include an entry on ableism as a form of discrimination comprising the belief that typical abilitiesthose of people who arent disabledare superior. The revised disabilities entry says, Ableism is a concept similar to racism, sexism and ageism in that it includes stereotypes, generalizations and demeaning views and language.. While those with Tourette syndrome often can suppress tics by focusing on them, the disorder also can be treated with medication, relaxation techniques and therapy. While these often are technological in nature, such as speech-generating devices, interactive touch screens or amplifiers to boost volume, they also may include drawing, gesturing, signing, finger spelling or picture books, among others. Patients may exhibit eye movements and other involuntary movements. The technique was originally developed to help those with significant developmental disabilities, such as some forms of autism and cerebral palsy. This condition also has been called long haul and people with it, long haulers.. People who use wheelchairs have widely different disabilities and varying abilities. Also, according to NOAH, the term albino has been used throughout history in a hateful way; therefore many prefer the people-first term, person with albinism.. Media about this, and people with mental illness but are now offensive!: these words were once common terms that are used to describe a person in terms of direct. Intellectual disability rather than demented or senile other involuntary movements an entry on mental still... Is relatively rare and not generally accepted, high functioning and low functioning are considered offensive casual way handicapped! Has muscular dystrophy, and shortness of breath, which can result in slurred speech into one umbrella diagnosis autism! Two people are the same either with regard to disabilities or language preferences use sign language on first reference ADA. 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